1 Samuel 11:3

Authorized King James Version

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And the elders of Jabesh said unto him, Give us seven days' respite, that we may send messengers unto all the coasts of Israel: and then, if there be no man to save us, we will come out to thee.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּֽאמְר֨וּ said H559
וַיֹּֽאמְר֨וּ said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 19
to say (used with great latitude)
אֵלָ֜יו H413
אֵלָ֜יו
Strong's: H413
Word #: 2 of 19
near, with or among; often in general, to
זִקְנֵ֣י And the elders H2205
זִקְנֵ֣י And the elders
Strong's: H2205
Word #: 3 of 19
old
יָבֵ֗ישׁ of Jabesh H3003
יָבֵ֗ישׁ of Jabesh
Strong's: H3003
Word #: 4 of 19
jobesh, the name of an israelite and of a place in palestine
הֶ֤רֶף respite H7503
הֶ֤רֶף respite
Strong's: H7503
Word #: 5 of 19
to slacken (in many applications, literal or figurative)
לָ֙נוּ֙ H0
לָ֙נוּ֙
Strong's: H0
Word #: 6 of 19
שִׁבְעַ֣ת unto him Give us seven H7651
שִׁבְעַ֣ת unto him Give us seven
Strong's: H7651
Word #: 7 of 19
seven (as the sacred full one); also (adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by extension, an indefinite number
יָמִ֔ים days H3117
יָמִ֔ים days
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 8 of 19
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
וְנִשְׁלְחָה֙ that we may send H7971
וְנִשְׁלְחָה֙ that we may send
Strong's: H7971
Word #: 9 of 19
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
מַלְאָכִ֔ים messengers H4397
מַלְאָכִ֔ים messengers
Strong's: H4397
Word #: 10 of 19
a messenger; specifically, of god, i.e., an angel (also a prophet, priest or teacher)
בְּכֹ֖ל H3605
בְּכֹ֖ל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 11 of 19
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
גְּב֣וּל unto all the coasts H1366
גְּב֣וּל unto all the coasts
Strong's: H1366
Word #: 12 of 19
properly, a cord (as twisted), i.e., (by implication) a boundary; by extension the territory inclosed
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 13 of 19
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
וְאִם H518
וְאִם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 14 of 19
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
אֵ֥ין H369
אֵ֥ין
Strong's: H369
Word #: 15 of 19
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
מוֹשִׁ֛יעַ and then if there be no man to save H3467
מוֹשִׁ֛יעַ and then if there be no man to save
Strong's: H3467
Word #: 16 of 19
properly, to be open, wide or free, i.e., (by implication) to be safe; causatively, to free or succor
אֹתָ֖נוּ H853
אֹתָ֖נוּ
Strong's: H853
Word #: 17 of 19
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
וְיָצָ֥אנוּ us we will come out H3318
וְיָצָ֥אנוּ us we will come out
Strong's: H3318
Word #: 18 of 19
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ H413
אֵלֶֽיךָ׃
Strong's: H413
Word #: 19 of 19
near, with or among; often in general, to

Analysis & Commentary

And the elders of Jabesh said unto him, Give us seven days' respite, that we may send messengers unto all the coasts of Israel: and then, if there be no man to save us, we will come out to thee.

The elders' request for seven days reveals both their desperate straits and, remarkably, Nahash's overconfidence. That he grants this respite suggests his certainty that no help would come - a miscalculation rooted in his underestimation of Israel's God. The appeal to 'all the coasts of Israel' represents a final desperate hope that the scattered tribes might unite. This moment exposes the fundamental weakness of the pre-monarchical period: no central authority existed to coordinate national defense.

Historical Context

The seven-day period allowed messengers to travel throughout Israel. The fragmented nature of the tribal confederation meant military response required voluntary cooperation. The period of judges had seen repeated failures of inter-tribal unity (Judges 5:15-17).

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